Solved Question Paper : BCA I CFOA 2021
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1. State the characteristics of a digital computer that contribute to its high level of performance. Explain each briefly.
Answer:
a) Speed: speed is the key characteristics of any digital computer. All kind of operation of computer system is based on speed. Because of when first time computer introduced in the world everyone was surprised for its speed that how quickly it can perform its operations. Its normal speed is 2.6 GHz. Means it can perform hundred times faster than normal machine and thousand times faster than human beings. If speed is said to be synonymous with computer, then it will not be an exaggeration. Computer has become so famous today because of the fast working speed of the computer. Computer speed refers to how fast the computer can calculate.
b) Accuracy : After speed, the second most important characteristics of computer is its accuracy because along with speed , if there is no accuracy in calculating, then there is no meaning speed, that is why accuracy is considered a special ability of computer. Reliability is the main concern of any machine and it depends on the accuracy of many types of operations like calculations, logical operations, arithmetic operations, instruction passing etc.
c) Cost: Its cost is very less compared to the facilities that the computer provides us. There has been development in the field of computer hardware, due to which today the cost of much other computer equipment like processor etc. has been reduced, as well as there has been a lot of development in the field of programming, many programs are available for free today. The cost of the program is also greatly reduced. The cost of the computer is also an extremely notable feature.
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2. Differentiate between
a) File and directory
b) Machine language and assembly language
c) Scanner and printer
Answer:
a) File and directory
File is basically format of a particular program like notepad, word, excel or power point. It may have many different extensions such as .txt,.doc,.xls and .ppt.
Whereas directory is just a place where many files or even directories can be kept together. Directory is mainly a system of file management; with the help of this we can keep the files easily and in an organized manner. File is based on a particular program but directory is based on operating system.
b) Machine language and assembly language
Machine language is a language that is based on machine. In other we can say that a machine language is a direct language. We do not need any interface to communication with computer if we use machine language.
Assembly language is a type of programming language that directly interacts with the hardware of the computer. An assembly language allows a software developer to code through words and expressions that may be easier to understand and interpret than binary or hexadecimal data that a computer stores and reads.
c) Scanner and printer
Scanner is an input device while printer is an output device.
Scanner is used to read data in soft copy while printer is used to produce output in hard copy.
We do not need any paper to use scanner while to print the output we need paper sheet to take the print.
scanner is fast device while printer is compratively slow device.
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3. What do you understand by HCL? Explain the difference between compiler and interpreter.
Answer:
Note : there is a mistake in question paper i.e. HCL . there is no meaning of HCL in respect of question papers. It should be HLL.
HLL ( high level language) is a programming language which is used to convert our program into machine level language. It is very easy to write our program into high level language because of there is no need to know in dept about computer hardware knowledge. C c++ java etc is some very poplar high level programming language. an normal user can easily learn these languages without knowing any specific knowledge of computer hardware.because of HLL software develelopment industries grow very much.
Difference between compiler and interpreter
Compiler compiles the whole program at once while interpreter interpret the programe line by line.
If there is a mistake in any part of the program , compiler can not convert thar kind of program while interpreter ignore that line of code and jump to the next line.
Complier executes the code fast while interpreter executes the code is slow.
C c++ java are some example of compiler.
Html is an example of interpreter.
To write a code in compiler is comparatively more complicated than interpreter.
Compiler is more efficient than interpreter.
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4. Why is the binary number system is adopted as a basis of internal represtentation within a computer? write a short note on
(i) Binary to octal conversion
(ii) Binary to hexadecimal conversion
Answer:
Computer is a degital device. It works on degits. Before computer or any other degital device machine works on analog system means voltage can not be converted.it used directly with only control unit. But digital devices convert electric signal into discrete formats i.e. on or off. Means there is only fixed values for on signal and off signal no matter how voltage varying. So if there is only two values are used for signal representation binary number system can be implemented for various kind of computer operation . Because of in binary number system only two values are used i.e. 1 and 0 . It is best suitable number system for digital devices. Computer is also a degital device so binary number system is best suitable number system for computer system.
(i) Binary to octal conversion
we can devide the whole process into two main section
First : convert binary number into decimal number
>Read the value of binary number
>Multiply each digit by 2n-1 where n is the position of the digit from the decimal
>The result is equivalent decimal number
Second : convert decimal number into octal number
>Divide the resiltant decimal number by 8
>Write saperatly the remainder value
>Continue the above two steps with the quotient till the quotient is zero
>Write down the remainder in the reverse order
The resultant value is the octal number for the given binary number.
(ii) Binary to hexadecimal conversion
again we can devide the whole process into two main section
First : convert binary number into decimal number
>Read the value of binary number
>Multiply each digit by 2n-1 where n is the position of the digit from the decimal
>The result is equivalent decimal number
Second : convert decimal number into hexadecimal number
>Divide the resiltant decimal number by 16
>write saperatly the remainder value
>Continue the above two steps with the quotient till the quotient is zero
>Write down the remainder in the reverse order
The resultant value is the Hexadecimal number for the given binary number.
Note : in hexadecimal number system 10 is equal to A , 11 is equal to B,12 is equal to C, 13 is equal to D,14 is equal to E,15 is equal to F.
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5. What are the different ways in which computer memory can be classified ? show with diagram.
Answer:
Classification of computer memory
Computer main memory can be classified into the following ways.
i Registers. It is known as the fastest memory attached to the processor. Actually computer means the processor and processor uses its inbuilt memory called registers. It is very fast but very costly that's why it's capacity is very limited (32 bits or 64 bits). The data transfer rate of register can only meet
ii. Cache memory: it is second fastest memory of computer. Comparatively it is slower than register but can contain more data at lower cost. It is used to speedup arithmetic and some other logical operations of computer system. It is like a buffer in between computer main memory and processor.
iii RAM (Random Access Memory) this is the primary memory used to store data and program instructions that the processor is currently processing. This is basically called the computer memory. It is third fastest memory of computer system. The data transfer rate of RAM is slower than cache memory but it can store more data than cache memory.
iv. Secondary memory: This is the non-volatile memory used to store data and program files permanently. Examples include hard disk drives (HDD) solid state drive and flash drives. It is not just a part of computer system it is used for only bulk storage. Because of its cost are very low but the data movement rate is very slow.
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6. Define the term ‘Algorithm’. Show the essential characteristics of algorithm and explain briefly. Write an example algorithm for computing the average of a set of N integers and print the result.
Answer:
An algorithm is a step by step procedure to solve any problem or to perform any particular task.
Essential Characteristics of algorithm
Input − an algorithm should have inputs. Because of all the process is based on given input.
Output -.An algorithm should produce output. Here output means result. An algorithm must be able to produce correct result. That is the main purpose of writing algorithm if result is not produced or incorrect result is produced it means that there is no use of writing an algorithm.
Finiteness − Algorithms must terminate after a finite number of steps. It should not happen that the algorithm continues to run for eternity or its end is not certain.
Unambiguous − Algorithms should be clear. There should be no doubts in any step. it must be clear that what to do next? There should be no ambiguity at any level of algorithm.
Independence: it should not be depend on any programming language. Knowledge of any particular programming language should not be expected from the reader of the algorithm. Generally it should be written in general speaking or writing languages like English or Hindi.
Algorithm for computing the average of a set of N integers and print the result.
Step 1: Read the values of set of N integers
Step 2: set i=1 s=0;
Step 3: while i<=N perform the following
3.1 s=s+N[i]
3.2 i=i+1
Step 4: avg = s/ I
Step 5: print the value of avg
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7. Differentiate between
(a) Dos internal and external command
(b) Batch files and command files
(c) Real time OS and time sharing OS
Answer:
(a) Internal commands are those commands that are built into the DOS operating system, and they are always available in memory. These commands are loaded into the system when the operating system is loaded, and they do not require any external program or file to be executed. Examples of internal commands are DIR, CD,MD, COPY, DEL, and TYPE.
External commands, on the other hand, are separate executable files that are stored on the hard drive or other storage media, and they are not loaded into memory when the operating system starts. They require the user to specify the location of the executable file when they want to execute the command. External commands are often used to perform more complex tasks or operations that are not included in the set of internal commands. Examples of external commands are EDIT, FORMAT, XCOPY, and CHKDSK.
(b) Differentiate between batch file and command files
Batch files are usually identified by the .bat or .cmd file extension.
Command files can have different file extensions depending on the type of command interpreter being used, such as .sh for shell scripts or .ps1 for PowerShell scripts.
Batch files are primarily used in Windows operating systems, although they can also be used on other platforms with the help of third-party tools.
Command files can be used on a wide range of operating systems, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and Unix.
Batch files use a specific syntax and a set of commands that are specific to the Windows command prompt.
Command files can use different syntax and commands depending on the type of command interpreter being used.
Batch files are primarily used to automate tasks on the local machine, such as running a series of commands to install or configure software.
Command files can be used for a wider range of tasks, including network management, system administration, and application development.
(c) Real time OS and time sharing OS
Real-time OS are designed for systems that require immediate and predictable responses to events. These systems have to respond to inputs within a fixed and predefined time constraints. Examples of RTOS include embedded systems used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, medical devices, and military applications. RTOS guarantees the completion of a task within a specified time limit.
On the other hand, a timesharing OS is designed for computer systems that allow multiple users to access the same computer simultaneously. In this type of system, the computer's central processing unit (CPU) is shared between multiple users who are executing multiple programs concurrently. TSOS is commonly used in servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. These operating systems are designed to maximize the use of system resources and minimize the waiting time for users.
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8. Write a short note on
(a) Control panel
(b) Notepad
(c) Paintbrush
Answer:
(a) Control panel
Control Panel is an important component of the Microsoft Windows operating system that provides users with access to various settings and configuration options. It is essentially a centralized location that allows users to manage and customize various aspects of their computers, such as hardware, software, network, and security settings.
Within Control Panel, users can access a wide range of applets, each designed to control a specific aspect of the system. These applets are organized into categories such as System and Security, Hardware and Sound, Programs and User Accounts. Some commonly used applets include Device Manager, Windows Update, Display Settings, Network and Sharing Center, Sound and Power Options.
Using the Control Panel, users can change various settings related to the operation of their computer, such as display resolution, power management, sound settings, keyboard and mouse preferences, and more. They can also manage user accounts, install and remove programs, and configure system security settings.
In short, the Control Panel is an essential tool for managing and customizing the settings and configuration of the Windows operating system. It provides users with a centralized location to access various applets that allow them to tweak and fine-tune their computer's settings to meet their needs.
(b) Notepad
Notepad is a simple text editor that comes pre-installed on Microsoft Windows operating systems. It is a basic text editor that allows users to create and edit plain text files. Notepad has been around since the early days of Windows and remains a popular text editor due to its simplicity and ease of use.
One of the advantages of Notepad is that it has a smaller file size and loads faster, making it ideal for quick note taking and editing. It can also be used to write scripts, HTML code, and other programming languages. Notepad has no formatting options, which means users can only create plain text files.
Notepad also has some basic functions such as find and replace, word wrapping, and font selection. These features make it easier for users to navigate through large documents and make changes to the text. Notepad files are saved in .txt format, which means they can be opened and edited on any device or operating system that supports plain text files.
Overall, Notepad is a useful tool for basic text editing and note taking, especially for Windows users. Although it lacks the features of more advanced text editors, its simplicity and ease of use make it a popular choice for many users.
(c) Paintbrush
Windows Paintbrush, also known as Microsoft Paint, is a basic graphics editing program included with all versions of Microsoft Windows. The program is a simple tool that allows users to create and edit bitmap images with limited features and functions.
Paintbrush provides basic tools such as pencil, brush, eraser and spray can for drawing, filling and coloring shapes. Users can select and move, flip, resize, and rotate parts of the image. Basic image editing functions such as cropping, resizing and changing image resolution are also available. The program can save images in several formats such as BMP, JPEG, GIF and PNG.
While the Paintbrush is a simple tool, it can be used for many purposes, such as creating simple graphics and diagrams, cropping and resizing images, or editing screenshots. It can also be used to annotate images or add text to them.
Overall, Paintbrush is a lightweight and user-friendly program that provides basic graphic editing functionality. While it may not be suitable for professional-grade work, it can be a useful tool for basic graphic editing tasks.
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9. What is DTP? Name a few tools for DTP explain the working of any one tool.
Answer:
DTP stands for Desktop Publishing, which refers to the creation of printed or electronic documents using specialized software on a personal computer.
Some popular tools for DTP include Adobe InDesign, QuarkXPress, Scribus, and Microsoft Publisher.
Adobe InDesign is one of the most widely used DTP software. It is a professional page layout and design tool that allows users to create and publish print and digital media such as brochures, flyers, magazines, e-books and interactive PDFs. InDesign offers advanced typography and layout tools, color management, support for multiple page sizes and orientations, and integration with other Adobe products such as Photoshop and Illustrator.
The working of Adobe InDesign can be described as follows:
Create a new document: The first step is to create a new document by specifying page sizes, margins, and other settings.
Design the layout: Next, users can design the document's layout by placing text, images, and other elements on the page using InDesign's powerful tools, such as the pen tool, text tool, and image tool.
Format text: InDesign provides advanced typography tools for formatting text such as font styles, sizes and colors, paragraph and character styles, and text wrap options.
Import images and graphics: Users can import images and graphics into a document from external sources such as Adobe Stock, Shutterstock, or from their own computer.
Apply color schemes: InDesign provides options for applying color schemes to the document, including CMYK and RGB color models, Pantone colors, and gradients.
Create interactive elements: InDesign also provides tools for creating interactive elements such as buttons, hyperlinks, and multimedia content such as video and audio.
Export and Publish: Finally, users can export the document to various formats such as PDF, EPUB, and HTML for publishing in print or digital media.
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